American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Histotechnician Certification Practice Exam

Which preservatives are considered the best choice to preserve urinary sediment in a 24-hour urine specimen?

1. Formalin and acetic acid

2. Hydrochloric acid and ethanol

3. Boric acid and thymol

4. Sodium chloride and potassium phosphate

The correct answer is: Boric acid and thymol

Boric acid and thymol are considered the best choice for preserving urinary sediment in a 24-hour urine specimen due to their effectiveness in maintaining the integrity of the sample. Boric acid acts as a buffer, helping to stabilize pH levels and prevent the decomposition of cellular components. It creates an environment that minimizes bacterial growth, thereby preserving the original characteristics of the sediment. Thymol also exhibits antimicrobial properties, further contributing to the prevention of contamination and degradation over the collection period. These properties make boric acid and thymol particularly suitable for preserving urine samples, as they ensure that the analysis reflects the true composition of the urine without significant alterations caused by microbial activity or chemical changes. Other preservative combinations may have specific uses, but they do not provide the same balance of stability, pH neutrality, and antimicrobial action required for optimal preservation of urinary sediment.