American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Histotechnician Certification Practice Exam

What is the significance of performing a differential blood count?

1. To obtain a measure of blood glucose levels

2. To evaluate the proportions of different types of white blood cells

3. To determine the overall red blood cell mass

4. To assess serum protein levels

The correct answer is: To evaluate the proportions of different types of white blood cells

Performing a differential blood count is significant because it provides valuable insights into the proportions of various types of white blood cells present in the blood. White blood cells, or leukocytes, play a critical role in the immune system, and their relative abundance can indicate the presence of infection, inflammation, allergies, or other hematological conditions. For instance, an increased number of neutrophils might suggest a bacterial infection, while an elevated count of lymphocytes could indicate a viral infection or certain types of leukemia. This assessment aids healthcare professionals in diagnosing medical conditions, monitoring the effectiveness of treatments, and determining the patient's immune status. Unlike other options, which focus on measuring glucose levels, red blood cell mass, or serum protein, the differential blood count specifically targets the immune response by analyzing leukocyte subtypes, making it an essential tool in clinical practice.